The development of Alta Velocidad (high-speed) in Saudi Arabia 

Haramain Project

Renfe, as the main partner of the Spanish-Saudi consortium Al Shoula, is leading one of the most emblematic railway projects in the world: The construction, operation and maintenance of the first high-speed line in the Middle East.

 Since 2018, Renfe has been responsible for managing the end-to-end operation of the railway network, with record figures of use throughout the historical data. The consortium is made up of 12 Spanish and 2 Saudi companies, which have made this ambitious project a reality by connecting the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. 

The name "Haramain" literally means "the two holy places", in reference to Masjid al-Haram (Mecca) and Masjid al-Nabawi (Medina), linking two key destinations of Islamic pilgrimage. 

Main features of the line

  • Length: 453 km of electrified double track (25 kV AC). 
  • Stations: Mecca, Jeddah, KAIA (King Abdulaziz International Airport), KAEC (King Abdullah Economic City) and Medina. 
  • Commercial speed: 300 km/h (ERTMS level 2 system).
  • Rolling stock: 35 Talgo trains, with 13 cars and capacity for 417 passengers in two classes, plus a VIP train. 
  • Frequency: Minimum of 84 trains per day (42 in each direction), with peaks of more than 130 trains in periods of high demand such as Ramadan or Hajj. 
  • Staff: Currently, Renfe KSA has 1,034 employees, most of whom are Saudi nationals, with 38% being women and 29 years old on average. 

Commitment to local talent

Renfe has made a commitment to training and developing Saudi talent. Currently, all areas of the operation are covered by local staff, integrated into key departments: 

  • Management and direction of the operation and maintenance of the line 
  • Operations 
  • Drivers 
  • Stations and services on board 
  • Sales and customer services in stations and online 
  • Sales and marketing systems 
  • Finance, Purchasing and Logistics 
  • Human resources, training and administration 
A total of 700,000 passengers per month and more than 24 million passengers transported

Our travellers and our service

  • An average of more than 700,000 travellers per month with an increasing trend. 
  • Since 2021, more than 24 million passengers have been transported, with an average punctuality of more than 96% and also with an increasing trend (2024 with an average punctuality of more than 97%). 

Diversity, adaptation and quality of service

RENFE adapt its services to many different passenger profiles, of international origin and for constantly changing profiles. Currently, 60.06 % of travellers are Saudi citizens, followed by 21.68 % expats from Arab countries (such as Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine), 7.44 % Asian expats (India, the Philippines, Pakistan and Bangladesh) and 10.82 % of other nationalities.

This profile changes during high-demand periods, such as Ramadan and Hajj, when there is a large influx of pilgrims from all over the world, significantly increasing the number of international travellers.

The operational model at stations and onboard trains is carefully designed to respond to the country's cultural and social needs, with procedures, spaces and services adapted to respond the needs of to local customs, always with a priority on safety, operational efficiency and passenger satisfaction.

 

At stations, a wide range of services are offered, including:

  • Medical services, police offices, pharmacies, cafes, restaurants and supermarkets
  • Intermodal transport, shops and prayer areas
  • Sales offices, self-service machines, information points, boarding assistance, car parks
  • VIP Services: Business and VIP lounges, assistance to PRM, luggage handling and personalised train transfer services

On board, the trains have two comfort classes: Economy and Business. Business travellers enjoy an exclusive and flexible experience from the start of the trip, including:

  • Access to business lounges in the station.
  • Personalised service with direct-to-seat service, a la carte menu, beverages and cafeteria service as well as access to entertainment content.

In addition, Renfe has developed a whole methodology and systematic approach to operate efficiently according to the country's weather conditions. In this sense, specific technical measures have been implemented for the technical supervision of the service, a specific methodology for resolving incidents to minimise their impact and specific passenger management procedures to improve comfort and efficiency in the use of resources.

Peak Season: Operational Performance in Ramadan and Hajj

Ramadan

During the month of Ramadan in 2025, Renfe KSA has continued to reach significant operational milestones. A total of 3,948 commercial services, with an average of 110 daily services, and up to 132 services on peak demand days, representing an average increase in the service levels of 20.21% when compared to the same period of the previous year. During that period, the fleet covered a total distance of 1,170,781 km, carrying 1,356,793 passengers. On the busiest day, 49,231 people trusted us for their journeys. Likewise, the line was operated continuously for periods of more than 24 hours in periods of high demand, which required the implementation of a special operational plan. In addition, an average punctuality of more than 98.66% was achieved, consolidating RENFE's commitment and that of the group of Spanish companies participating in the operations to service efficiency and quality.

Hajj

In the Hajj season of 2025, Renfe KSA once again demonstrated its professionalism and operational capacity, improving results year after year. 2,166 commercial services were operated, covering 682,808 km and transporting 502,107 passengers, representing an average increase in the service level of 20.20% when compared with the same period of the previous year. No service cancellations were recorded and an average punctuality of 97.83% was achieved, reflecting the joint effort of our teams and the reliability of the railway system.

Pioneers in high-speed rail: Women engine drivers

In 2022, Saudi women started to join Renfe's engine operator group. Therefore, the first group of 32 Saudi women joined the Haramain high-speed train project.

After 1,200 hours of theoretical and practical training, the first group obtained their driver's licence in December of the same year, becoming the first women to drive high-speed trains in the Middle East.

The selection processes of this group have aroused unprecedented interest with a total of more than 100,000 candidates registered.

Today, thanks to Renfe's firm commitment to equality, 46% of the engine drivers are already made up of women, for a total of 128, a milestone that marks a turning point in the history of the region's railway operations. 

Other projects

Leo Express In 2021, Renfe carried out the acquisition of 50% of the operator Leo Express following the share capital increase of the Czech company.
Maya Train Renfe will be the "shadow operator" of the contracting entity (the National Fund for the Promotion of Tourism).
Rail Baltica It has been awarded the contract to provide services as "shadow operator" of the Rail Baltica high-speed project, for the benefit of Latvia and Estonia.
Arenaways In November 2024, Renfe acquired 33% of Longitude Holding, an Italian company specialising in rail transport.
Ave to France Renfe Viajeros offers two international routes from Spain to France: Barcelona-Lyon and Madrid-Marseille. Whose solo operation marks a milestone for the company. Renfe has started these services in the summer of 2023 and its goal is to be able to extend the route to Paris in 2024.