This document aims to describe the methodology applied in compiling the data included in the Monthly Punctuality Report for AVE (high-speed), Larga Distancia (Long Distance), Media Distancia (Mid-distance) and Commuter (Cercanías) Services, which is published monthly at https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es.

All punctuality indicators are obtained from the INVia information system owned by Renfe Viajeros (Renfe Passengers) S.M.E.

The passenger indicator, available in the Commuter reports, is sourced from the ARION (Access Control), SIVER (Sales System) and RS3 (Station Security Camera System) systems.

Criteria applied for the selection of trains

Only trains that have operated are included in the calculation of punctuality indicators. Therefore, cancelled trains are excluded from the calculation.

Special trains, trains outside the Transport Plan and journeys carried out by bus have been excluded from the calculation.

Likewise, historical trains, tourist trains and thematic trains are excluded, as they operate under a different regime from the commercial service and could introduce biases in the punctuality indicators.

Punctuality Indicators

Average delay (services with delays)

Calculated exclusively based on train services that arrived late at their destination, excluding both punctual and early trains from this calculation. The purpose of this indicator is to measure the actual magnitude of delays in those cases where they have indeed occurred.

Average delay (all circulations)

Calculated by considering all train services, including those that are punctual, early and delayed. This value more closely reflects the overall experience of passengers across the entire operation.

Punctuality

The punctuality indicator is one of the main monitoring elements, being the percentage of trains that arrive at their destination within different delay thresholds. Punctuality is calculated using four intervals: Trains arriving with delays of less than 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes:

This tiered approach allows for the analysis of both the strictest level of compliance (trains arriving with less than five minutes' delay) and tolerance at broader thresholds, which are relevant for evaluating overall traffic management and the impact on passengers.

• Punctuality (Renfe-attributable causes): Defined as the percentage of trains that arrive at their destination with less than 5 minutes' delay, considering only incidents directly attributable to Renfe. These causes may include problems related to rolling stock or operational management.
  This calculation excludes external incidents, as well as all incidents related to infrastructure, weather conditions, those caused by other operators, or any other not attributable to Renfe.
• Punctuality "All Causes": Defined as the percentage of trains that arrive at their destination with a delay of less than 5 minutes, considering all possible causes of delay. This includes both incidents attributable to Renfe (failures in rolling stock or operational management) and those outside the operator’s control, such as infrastructure problems (temporary speed restrictions, failures in tracks, signals and interlockings), adverse weather conditions (heavy rain, snow, wind, etc.), incidents caused by other operators and external causes (such as accidents, acts of vandalism, etc.).
  
  

Regularity (*)

This indicator analyses the passing frequency of a train at each station along the route and within each time slot, in relation to the previous train.

On-time performance (*)

This indicator is calculated by analysing, for each train, the deviation that may occur between the scheduled and actual arrival time at each station along the route. A train journey is considered to have adhered to the schedule if the deviation is ≤ 3 minutes.

Service Compliance (*)

Shows the ratio between completed and scheduled train services, including cancelled or withdrawn services in the calculation.

(*) Only included in the Punctuality Reports for Commuter Networks.